The Vice President of the United States serves as the President of the Senate, a role that allows them to cast tie-breaking votes in the event of a deadlock. This power can be especially important when the Senate is closely divided, as it is currently. With 50 Democrats and 50 Republicans in the Senate, Harris's tie-breaking vote can make all the difference in advancing legislation and confirming nominees.
Harris's first tie-breaking vote came on February 5, 2021, just weeks after she was sworn in as Vice President. The vote was on the confirmation of Alejandro Mayorkas as Secretary of Homeland Security, and Harris's vote confirmed his nomination. Since then, she has cast tie-breaking votes on a range of issues, including the COVID-19 relief bill, the confirmation of Xavier Becerra as Secretary of Health and Human Services, and the confirmation of Vanita Gupta as Associate Attorney General.
While Harris's record-tying seventh tie-breaking vote is a noteworthy accomplishment, it is important to remember that the power to break ties is just one aspect of the Vice President's role as President of the Senate. The Vice President also presides over Senate sessions, maintains order and decorum, and recognizes Senators who wish to speak. Additionally, the Vice President can refer bills to committee, sign legislation, and perform other duties as assigned by the Senate.
John C. Calhoun, who served as Vice President from 1825 to 1832, cast his seven tie-breaking votes in a very different political and social context than today's Senate. Calhoun was a strong advocate for states' rights and slavery, and his tie-breaking votes often reflected these views. For example, Calhoun broke a tie in 1832 to defeat a bill that would have provided federal funding for internal improvements, which he saw as an overreach of federal power.
In contrast, Harris's tie-breaking votes have generally reflected the priorities of the Democratic Party and the Biden administration. She has cast votes to confirm Cabinet nominees, advance COVID-19 relief legislation, and protect voting rights, among other issues. Harris's role as Vice President also marks a historic milestone, as she is the first woman, first Black person, and first person of South Asian descent to hold the position.
As Harris continues her tenure as Vice President and President of the Senate, she will likely cast more tie-breaking votes and take on other important responsibilities in the Senate. Her record-breaking tie-breaking vote is a reminder of the Vice President's unique role in the legislative process and the importance of having a capable and engaged Vice President in the Senate.